WHO issues Fresh Alert for Gonorrhea

June 7, 2012 By Anisha Francis, DC Chennai

Deccan Chronicle

The World Health Organisation on Wednesday issued a fresh alert on a drug resistant type of gonorrhoea, a common sexually transmitted disease, warning that a strain resistant to the very last line of antibiotic treatment had been found.

Doctors in Chennai, however, report that they have been receiving “superbug” gonorrhoea cases since the early 2000s, thanks to overzealous cephalosporin antibiotics prescriptions.

Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection and initial symptoms include penile discharge and burning sensation in men, while 50 per cent of women do not have any significant symptoms.

Dr Manjula Lusti-Narsimhan of the WHO’s department of reproductive and sexual health announced that the organisation was drawing up a global action plan to combat the superbug, which could pose a public health challenge.

“Gonorrhoea used to be an easily manageable disease, but difficult-to-treat strains have now emerged. This is mainly because of the irrational use of antibiotics like Cephalexin by both patients and physicians.

General practitioners prescribe this drug for so many different ailments — diarrhoea, sore throat, respiratory and urinary infections — that the gonorrhoea bacteria has developed resistance,” explained Dr N. Kumarasamy, Chief Medical Officer at Y.R.G. Care here, which specialises in HIV and other STIs.

“If not treated, gonorrhoea can cause the urethra to constrict in both men and women. Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease can also occur.

The infection can cause severe vision problems in infants born to infected mothers, as they can contract the bug as they pass through the birth canal,” he added.

At the Government General Hospital’s STI clinic, most patients with gonorrhoea are young, in the 20- 35 age group, said counsellor Mr Wilson.

“It is not sex workers or homosexual men from the ‘high risk groups’ who come here with gonorrhoea; they are well aware of how to protect themselves from STDs. It is the uninformed general public, mostly young men and often married couples who come for treatment,” he said.

Many patients, meanwhile, admit that they first try over-the-counter antibiotics “prescribed” by salesmen at the medical shop and visit the venerologist only when the symptoms get worse.

Penile Discharge "Tulo"

A 24 year old, male, married, OFW, visited the clinic for a light yellow discharge coming out of his penis for the past 3 days, staining his underwear, he also complains of pain during urination. He admitted having sexual intercourse with a prostitute about 5 days before symptoms appeared. He is scheduled to depart for the Middle East in 3 days.
After physical examination and confirming the creamy penile discharge, with no laboratory test and no possibility of follow up, I gave the following meds.
1) Doxycycline 100mg tab. 2 tablets initially then 1 tablet every 12 hours(2xday) for 10 days plus
2) Cefixime 200mg Tab , 1 tab every 12 hours for 5 days

Gonococcal urethritis (check my latest blog on GC Urethritis,"Tulo" here -http://wazzupdok.blogspot.com/2010/12/tulo-or-gonococcal-urethritis.html

Gonorrhoea is caused by the bactterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae that grow and multiply in the reproductive tract of women(cervix ,uterus, fallopian tubes) and men (urethra). The bacteria can also multiply in eyes, mouth, throat and anus.

Incubation period usually takes two to five days from infection to symptoms and without treatment,the symptoms of urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) and purulent (pus-containing) discharge peak within two weeks.

Most notable symptom is the penile discharge which occurs in 95 per cent of men and is purulent in 75 per cent, white or cloudy in 10 per cent and clear in 5 per cent. Recent urination can make the discharge appear less purulent. When the infection begins to resolve, the discharge changes from purulent to mucoid (mucus-like).

Transmission of the disease is usually by sexual intercourse, including oral sex and without treatment, the infection can continue for many months.

Complications can occur and spread up the urethra to the epididymis (sperm-storing tube connected to the testicles) but is rare and infertility can be a rare late complication. Anal infection is common especially, but not only, when the infection is transmitted by anal intercourse. Bloodstream infection occurs in less than 1 per cent of patients, causing arthritis of the knees, wrists and hands plus fever, chills and skin lesions, usually papules or pustules (red or pus-containing raised spots or bumps) on the hands or feet.

Reminder: Article was written as a physician's personal experience and should be viewed for information and guide only, and was not intended to replace actual consultation with a medical practitioner.

Photos and Images compiled fromGoogle.com